Irish Whiskey Myths Revealed

which irish whiskey is catholic

Irish whiskey, also known as uisce beatha, is one of Ireland’s most popular spirits. It’s a smooth drink that can be enjoyed on its own or in cocktails.

There are many different types of Irish whiskey, including single malt, single pot still, and grain. In this article, we will discuss which irish whiskey is catholic.

Origin

Irish whiskey is a boom sector, with new expressions and distilleries opening regularly. But with such rapid growth comes a number of half-truths and outright falsehoods.

One of the most prevalent is that Irish whiskey must be Catholic. This myth is based on the fact that Bushmills is located in predominately Protestant and still British Northern Ireland, while Jameson is made in County Cork, which is a predominantly Catholic area.

But this distinction is moot. Both brands are owned by the same company, Irish Distillers, and both are distilled in Midleton. In addition, the original founder of Jameson was Scottish – i.e., a protestant. This confusion probably stems from the fact that many whiskies are marketed with religious symbols, such as the Trinity knot, which has both Catholic and Protestant significance. However, the Trinity knot appears on a lot of non-religious whiskies as well. The Irish have also long spelled whiskey with an “e” (either way) as well as without it.

Characteristics

Irish whiskey has become one of the most popular spirits in the world. It has been around for centuries, and it is enjoyed in many cultures. It is known for its smooth taste, and it can be enjoyed on its own or in a cocktail. There are several different types of Irish whiskey, including single malt and blended varieties. Some of the most famous brands include Redbreast and Jameson.

This is one of the most common myths about Irish whiskey. It is based on the fact that Bushmills is located in predominately Protestant Northern Ireland while Jameson is produced in the heavily Catholic Republic of Ireland. However, this couldn’t be further from the truth. In fact, the master distiller of Bushmills is Catholic and the founder of Jameson was Scottish i.e. a Protestant.

While Irish whiskey is enjoying a boom period, it’s important to know the facts about this spirited beverage. There are many misconceptions about this spirit, and it’s important to dispel them in order to enjoy it properly.

Recipes

Irish whiskey is one of the fastest-growing and best-selling categories of liquor in the United States. It’s smoother than bourbon and more approachable than single-malt scotch, while also offering a wallet-friendly price point. Despite its surge in popularity, there are still a number of misconceptions about the spirit. We asked Jack McGarry, head bartender of New York City’s renowned The Dead Rabbit, to dispel five of the biggest Irish whiskey myths.

This fall, try pairing Irish whiskey with autumnal flavors in a mug of Hot Toddy. This recipe combines the classic spirits with pumpkin, roasted walnuts and blackstrap molasses to create a comforting cocktail.

Production

Irish whiskey, also known as uisce beatha, is an integral part of Ireland’s culture. The spirit has survived centuries of violence, foreign domination, and economic decline. Today, it is available globally in many different varieties and recipes. These spirits are often infused with the flavors of smoked woods to create unique and distinctive tastes.

Many Irish distillers produce single malt, pot still, and grain whiskeys. Some of these whiskeys are aged in charred oak barrels that provide rich flavor notes, while others are matured in sherry and bourbon casks. The Irish also use a variety of other types of barrels for aging.

Most Irish whiskeys are blends, but there has been a resurgence of single malts like Midleton’s Redbreast and Green Spot, as well as pure pot still whiskeys from Bushmills, Tyrconnell, and Connemara. Single grain whiskeys are less common, but the renowned Kilbeggan distillery produces several of them. Traditionally, Irish whiskey was spelled without an “e.” This spelling change occurred after many of the nation’s distillers were consolidated into a few large companies in the 1970s.

Top 5 Irish Food Traditions

irish food traditions

Many Irish dishes are the result of housewives finding ways to use up food and make a filling meal. For example, shepherds pie was first introduced to use up the leftovers of a previous night’s stew and is now a staple dish on an Irish dinner table.

Another popular meal is bacon and cabbage. The dish is inexpensive and filling.

Coddle

When it comes to Irish foods, corned beef and cabbage might be the first thing that comes to mind. But it turns out that the Emerald Isle has a few more hearty meals that are just as traditional and delicious! One of these is coddle, a hearty stew that is made with potatoes, sausages, and bacon. It’s slow-cooked until everything is tender and flavorful. This dish is perfect for any day of the week, but it’s especially satisfying on a cold winter day.

This stew is traditionally served with a side of bread to mop up all the juices. It’s easy to make ahead, too!

This dish is a classic from Dublin, where it has been enjoyed since the 17th century. It even appears in two of James Joyce’s literary works! The name derives from the French verb caudle, which means to boil gently or parboil. This stew is made with rashers (Irish bacon), pork sausage, and potatoes that are slowly simmered for hours.

Champ

Champ is a traditional Irish potato dish that is very similar to colcannon. It has a very simple ingredients and can be served year round. It is a very filling food and can be eaten at any time of the day. It can be enjoyed on its own or with a variety of other dishes.

The dish was popular during Ireland’s famine times because it was cheap and easy to make. The nutritional value of the cabbage or kale mixed with potatoes helped stave off starvation for many people during those difficult times.

Today, the dish is still widely consumed in Ireland and is a staple on many Irish pub menus. The recipe is very easy to make, and can be made with a variety of add-ins. Try adding a handful of peas or a pinch of parsley to the dish for a different taste. You can also add a sprinkling of chives for garnishing.

Farls

During the Irish potato famine in the early twentieth century, farls were one of the few foods that could be relied upon to provide an inexpensive, high-energy source of protein. They are easy to prepare and can be eaten warm or cold, though they are often fried a second time with butter before serving.

A farl (reduced form of the Scots word fardel) is any flatbread or cake that is cut into quarters. In Northern Ireland, it is usually used in reference to skillet-cooked soda bread or potato bread/cakes (potato farls) that are served as part of an Ulster fry breakfast.

A berry fool is a light dessert made with any kind of berries and chilled heavy cream. It is a testament to the richness of European cuisine and is often associated with Halloween. Much like Mardi Gras king cakes, this dish is baked with a ring hidden within that whoever finds it gets good luck.

Crubeens

A salty, messy treat, crubeens are boiled then deep-fried pig’s feet. They’re a popular 19th and 20th century Irish street food and were commonly sold near bars to keep pub crawlers fueled up while they downed pints after pints. They’re also enjoying something of a renaissance these days, especially in restaurants where they can be deboned for more eating options.

Ireland’s climate is well suited to growing rhubarb, so it makes sense that a tart featuring this juicy berry would be a popular dessert in this country. The recipe can be varied by adding a layer of sliced apples to the filling for a flavor contrast.

These traditional Irish foods are just a few of the many delicious eats that make this island nation worth a visit. Whether you’re looking to enjoy a hearty stew, a comforting soup, or some sweet treats, Ireland has something for everyone. So why not give it a try? You won’t be disappointed.

Irish Food Gifts

Irish food gifts are a thoughtful and delicious way to celebrate your trip or send a little piece of Ireland to friends and family. Whether your recipient is missing the hearty cuisine or planning a visit to Ireland, these goods will make their day.

A willow basket from Wicklow makes a beautiful and sustainable gift. Or choose a curated box from EvenStone, which features luxurious products from artisan makers.

Linen

Linen is a fabric made from flax fibers and is known to be the oldest textile in the world. It is strong, absorbent, and fast drying and has been the favored linen of royalty since ancient Egypt. It was even used to wrap mummies.

It is a fine Irish gift to give someone a set of linen towels or bed sheets that are hand-woven by traditional Irish weavers. These linens are considered to be of the finest quality and carry the Irish Linen Guild logo. This guarantees that the linen is not woven in another country and then bleached in Ireland.

The color of the linen is also important and can be a good indicator of the quality. For example, damask linen is woven on a jacquard loom and has a luxurious look to it. It is often adorned with embroidery and/or lace, especially Victorian-era redwork and bluework. This type of embroidery is considered to be highly collectable.

Chocolates

Ireland is renowned for its chocolate, which is made with local milk and cream. Indulge your loved ones in a box of Cadbury or Irish cream candy. These sweet treats are a great gift for anyone who is missing home or planning a trip to the Emerald Isle.

If you are looking for a gift that is both sweet and healthy, consider giving your loved ones a jar of Irish honey. This is a gift that will keep them connected to their roots and help support local bee farms.

Whether you are shopping for whiskey, a traditional Irish breakfast, or chocolate, there is an Irish food gift for everyone. From cookbooks to artisan jams, there is no shortage of delicious and unique gifts that can be enjoyed all year long. These gifts will bring your recipient closer to the home country of their heritage and maybe even bring them a bit of luck!.

Christmas Puddings and Cakes

Christmas pudding, sometimes called plum pudding or frumenty (a name that dates back to medieval times), is a rich steamed dessert that is traditionally made well in advance of Christmas to allow it to mature and develop a deep flavour. Many families have their own recipes and traditions tied to this dish. Some of these include adding coins to the mixture – traditionally silver coins for wealth, wishbones for luck, thimbles for thrift and an anchor for safe harbour. Adding a sprig of holly to the top is also a traditional symbol of the festive season.

The term “pudding” is used to describe a heavier type of dessert than a cake and in the UK, we have a wide range of delicious and charmingly-named steamed puddings like Treacle Sponge, Spotted Dick and Sticky Toffee Pudding which are cooked in covered bowls set over a pan of simmering water. These are best served warm with cream, ice cream or custard.

Irish Whiskey

Irish whiskey is one of the most popular products in the country, and it’s a great gift for anyone who enjoys sipping spirits neat or with ice. It’s also a staple in many classic cocktails like the Irish coffee, whiskey smash, or a simple whiskey & soda with a twist of lime.

From the world’s oldest distillery comes this blended whiskey with a smooth, warming taste that combines lighter grain and malt whiskies. It’s easy on the wallet and perfect for any occasion.

The signature single malt whiskey from the world-famous Knappogue Castle distillery is distilled in copper pot stills for a bright, clean base, and then aged in bourbon casks to give it the subtle flavors of cinnamon toast and apple pie. It’s a whiskey that truly captures Ireland’s classic spirit.

Is Irish Butter Healthy?

Irish butter (Kerrygold is a popular brand) has a higher fat content than traditional American butter. It typically contains 82% butterfat compared to 80% in standard American brands.

This extra 2% might seem small but can make a big difference when it comes to flavor and texture. It also helps give Irish butter its signature yellow tint courtesy of beta carotene from the grass-fed cows it’s made from.

It’s Grass-Fed

Irish butter is made with high-quality cream from grass-fed cows and slow churned for a smooth finish. It’s available in salted and unsalted varieties. You can eat it on its own or use it to bake.

Grass-fed butter has a higher fat content than American butter and is richer in taste and texture. It also contains more conjugated lineoleic acid (CLA), which is thought to help fight heart disease and promote wellness.

Grass-fed butter also contains butyric acid, which helps the body burn fat more efficiently. Plus, it’s packed with vitamins and antioxidants. But beware: Kerrygold butter has lost popularity in the healthy food community in recent years because it was discovered that their butter isn’t 100% grass-fed. They have since changed their labelling to be more transparent. But there are many other brands that are. Choose those, instead! You’ll get better value for your money.

It’s Yellow

With so many different options in grocery stores these days, it can be hard to know which butter to buy. But there’s one that stands out from the rest, and it’s gaining in popularity among professional chefs and average consumers alike: Irish butter.

The creamy dairy product is defined by its distinctly yellow hue, which comes from the beta carotene in Ireland’s grass-fed cows. But the differences between this variety and other European butters go beyond just butterfat.

Kerrygold, the brand that’s most popular in the US, was established in 1962. The beloved butter is sold in 8-ounce blocks in the dairy section of most grocery stores, and it’s available unsalted or salted.

The butter’s higher butterfat content results in a richer, creamier, and more flavorful addition to any recipe, according to Real Simple. It’s also a good choice for baking because it has a lower water content than traditional butter. That means your baked goods will stay moist and fluffy longer.

It’s Creamy

Irish butter has a higher fat content than standard American butter (around 82 percent versus 80) and is creamier and more spreadable. The difference is a result of the churning process that transforms liquid cream into whipped cream and then finally butter.

As the cream churns, it forms butterfat and milk curds—like those that form when you overwhip whipped cream. The more the cream is churned, the more butterfat it develops and the thicker and more creamy the final product will be.

Kerrygold butter, one of the most well-known brands of Irish butter, contains 82% butterfat for an uber-creamy and flavorful product. It also has a golden yellow hue from the grass-fed cows the butter comes from. Grass-fed butter tends to have a better nutritional profile than regular butter as well, according to Everyday Health. This may include more omega-3 fatty acids, and less saturated fat than regular butter. These benefits could be thanks to the healthier feed that grass-fed cows are given.

It’s Rich

Compared to American butter, which has more water and less fat, Irish butter is richer and creamier. This higher butterfat content makes it easier to spread and bake with.

Grass-fed butter also has more heart-healthy omega-3 fats than conventional butter, which helps to keep your arteries unclogged, according to the American Heart Association (AHA). It can even boost your mood and lower cholesterol levels.

Although Irish butter has a shorter shelf life than regular butter, it will last longer at room temperature, which is ideal for baking and spreading on toast or biscuits. It’s recommended that you store Kerrygold USA butter in the fridge to ensure it stays fresh, but it’s also fine to leave it out at room temp if you’re storing it in a sealed, air- and moisture-proof container. You can also freeze Irish butter to extend its shelf life.

The Irish Food Culture

The Irish have a long history of eating and celebrating their traditional foods. They have a strong food culture that is steeped in myth, legend and folklore.

The traditional diet in Ireland revolved around dairy, meat and potatoes. It was an ideal way to get calories for a hard day’s work.

Origins

The Irish food culture has developed in many ways over the centuries. Traditionally, Ireland was a largely agricultural country.

Eating was a major part of the life of the people and their traditions, and meat was a key element of this diet. Large animals such as deer were raised for their flesh and venison, while smaller species were often used in stews and other dishes.

Dairy products such as milk, cheese and butter were also a main part of the diet. There were various types of cheese such as tath, a hard cheese made with pressed curds, and mulchan, a skimmed version.

Meat

Traditional Irish foods are hearty and nourishing, often made with ingredients that have been around for centuries. For example, potatoes are still a staple of the diet and many Irish meals include potato scones, similar to biscuits or muffins.

Meat was a common part of the diet for many Irish families. It was cheap and provided plenty of calories for a hard day’s work.

Pork was often eaten for celebratory occasions. It was an inexpensive, tasty meat that was easy to prepare.

Dairy

The Irish, like most people of the Western World, have a long tradition of eating dairy products. This is because milk is so readily available, and cows are able to graze on pasture year-round.

In the past, the Irish consumed milk in many ways – as a fresh drink (called’milky water’) or with meals. They also used their own sheep’s milk to make cheese.

In recent times, the artisan production of cheeses using cow’s, sheep’s or goat’s milk has emerged, creating some truly stunning results. This is a very exciting development in the irish food culture.

Vegetables

The introduction of the potato in the 18th century was a game changer for the Irish. It grew rapidly and was readily available to the poor.

A nutrient rich and cheap food, potatoes provided the essential nutrients needed for the average Irish family.

However, in 1845, a disease called Late Blight wiped out the potato crop and left millions of people starving.

A lack of other foods resulted in the Great Irish Famine, which killed nearly a million people. After the famine, vegetable production improved and vegetables became a staple of many diets.

Bread

Bread, a baked food product that is moistened and kneaded, has been a staple of diets around the world since prehistoric times. It is now made with a variety of ingredients and methods, including fermentation.

The origins of bread in Ireland are as complex as the history of the country itself. It is a staple in Irish homes and is served alongside other dishes at breakfast, lunch and dinner.

The earliest breads were probably of coarsely crushed grain mixed with water, spread onto heated stones and baked. This was a form of fermented porridge, possibly similar to Turkish tarhana or Middle Eastern kashk.

Fish

Fish is a key element of Irish food culture. It is popular in both rural and urban areas.

The most cherished variety of fish (iasc) is wild salmon (bradan fiain). It is well known for its taste and nutritional qualities.

Another important ingredient in the diet is shellfish such as crabs, lobsters and oysters. These are abundantly available in coastal areas of Ireland and renowned for their fine quality.

There is also a wide range of other types of seafood. Some of the most notable dishes include a crab sandwich and seafood chowder.

The Irish Diet

the irish diet

A traditional Irish diet consists of a variety of meat, potatoes, bread, milk and vegetables. Tea is also a common beverage in the country.

The irish diet is considered to be relatively healthy compared to other European countries. The average person’s calorie intake likely came from dairy mostly, then meat and grains fairly equally.

Meat

Throughout history, meats were an important part of the Irish diet. Both domestic and wild animals were slaughtered for food, though the most popular was pork.

Pork was roasted on a spit (bir) or grilled, and was usually served in a stew or soup. Beef was also consumed, either fresh or salted and boiled in a cauldron.

Fish was also eaten, and the seafood of choice was a wide variety of shellfish, particularly lobsters. Seaweed was also an important component of the diet.

Fish

The Irish diet has always been based on a mixture of wild foods, agricultural food and foods imported from other countries. Over the centuries, these have shaped our diets and the country that we live in.

The importance of fish in the irish diet has changed over time as well. It was once a staple food for both the wealthy and the poor.

It is important to note that although the irish diet has changed over the years, fish remains a staple food and an essential part of many modern meals. It is a healthy source of protein and contains a range of nutrients.

Vegetables

Ireland’s climatic conditions are conducive to growing a wide range of vegetables. Potatoes are a key staple, with many people also eating other root vegetables such as turnips, carrots and onions.

As the weather warms, a greater variety of vegetables becomes available. Vegetables are an important part of the Irish diet and are an essential source of vitamins and minerals.

Until the introduction of the potato, the Irish contented themselves primarily with oats and barley. These could be cooked as porridge or breads. Alternatively, oats could be stored for long periods and eaten as a meal at nigh or in the liquid state.

Grains

Grains such as oats, wheat and barley formed the staple of the medieval Irish diet. They were either cooked as porridge or as breads.

In the middle ages, the majority of people in Ireland lived on grains and dairy. A third of their calories came from dairy, followed by meat and vegetables.

Oats were the most common grain, but wheaten bread was also very popular, particularly among the aristocracy. It was kneaded with a variety of equipment including a kneading trough lasat, a kneading slab lecc and a griddle lann.

Today, a wide range of grains are available, from quinoa to couscous and from oatcakes to grits. All have a range of health benefits, including the ability to lower blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity and reduce abdominal fat.

Dairy

Dairy products are a vital part of the irish diet and provide a variety of important nutrients, including calcium, potassium and vitamin D. These foods help to build and maintain strong bones and teeth.

In addition to dairy, a large portion of the irish diet is made up of meat and fish. Irish breakfasts include a range of sausages, bacon and black pudding.

People also eat large lunches, often a soup such as Dublin coddle or a plate of sandwiches with a glass of milk. At supper, people eat a simple meal of a slice of bread and butter or some type of cheese.

How to Get an Irish Food Truck Off the Ground

If you are thinking about opening a food truck business, then it is essential that you familiarize yourself with all the regulations and insurances required for operating your food-to-go vehicle.

For starters, you will need to register with the Health Service Executive (HSE) and obtain an Environmental Health Officer inspection. You will also need to have proper vehicle insurance and business insurance.

The Chipper Food Truck

The Chipper Truck serves up authentic Irish dishes in the Woodlawn neighborhood of New York. Owners Alice and Valentino opened it in 2004 as a way to introduce the community to the classic Irish food that they had grown up with.

The truck started out serving only the traditional Irish dishes, but as time went on, they realized that they were catering to a wider population. So they began to include other items such as taco chips and chicken curry.

A food truck has a much lower startup cost than owning a restaurant. Rather than investing in expensive utilities, hiring staff and paying monthly rent, food trucks typically only need to pay for food, supplies and gas on a month-to-month basis.

Despite their low initial investment, food trucks need to invest in marketing to keep their business profitable. In addition, they are required to pay vehicle tax and insurance on their vehicles. So, it’s important to do some research to find out what these costs are and what steps you can take to avoid them.

The Streat School

The Streat School is an Irish food truck provider and marketing agency that’s helped 130 new outlets get up and running. It’s also a winner of a LEO National Enterprise Award and is urging small businesses to register for the events that take place this Local Enterprise Week.

The company’s founder, Seany McCleary, was inspired to create the business after he saw a gap in the market. He’s been travelling the world and working in hospitality for five years, but he returned to Ireland in 2017 and saw an opportunity to provide services that could help small businesses grow.

The Streat School has grown from a startup to a successful business, with 120 new outlets having been helped by the firm and the business turning over more than EUR25 million in the past two years alone. The company is based in Dublin and is run by Seany McCleary and his partner Nikita McCrory, the owner of Blasta Street Kitchen.

Misunderstood Heron

Misunderstood Heron is a container-turned-foodie mecca situated overlooking the majestic Killary Fjord. A favourite among globe-trotting foodies, it is a hive of activity in the car park of the Killary Adventure Centre where hungry walkers and cyclists line up for its hearty dishes.

The food at Misunderstood Heron is fresh, flavourful and fabulous. The husband and wife team pickle, ferment and forge ingredients into creative dishes that are full of character.

With a menu that changes daily, it offers everything from Killary Fjord mussels to Cornemara lamb samosas to smoked salmon with pickles and pasties. You’ll also find a range of salads and ciabatta sandwiches, alongside sweet treats like blueberry cake or apple pies.

The Misunderstood Heron is run by Kim Young and her husband Reinaldo Seco. They have been named one of the world’s coolest food trucks by Lonely Planet.

Feed Food Truck

One of the most impressive features of this food truck is its ability to deliver a high quality meal at a reasonable cost. Its menu is designed to appeal to a wide variety of consumers, from health care workers juggling long hours at the hospital to students on the go. The company’s newest vehicle, which was launched in Brooklyn on Monday, is a big green truck with a futuristic interior, and its name, “Feed,” speaks to its mission of feeding people at the source.

The best way to showcase your food truck is by attending local events and festivals. Getting involved with your community is not only a great way to connect with the locals, but it also can help boost your business by word of mouth. Getting in on the action is simple: find an event that matches your cuisine and your time frame, make a game plan, and hit the town.

Irish Health Blessings

Irish health blessings are a great way to wish someone well. They are commonly used at weddings, and can be a great way to start the day with good luck!

Blessings are a form of spirituality that date back to ancient Celtic times. They later became interpreted for the Christian era.

1. May the wind be at your back

Having the wind at your back is a blessing for your health. The wind is often thought of as a reference to the Holy Spirit, which came as a mighty wind at Pentecost.

It is also thought of as a symbol of the ever-changing weather conditions in Ireland. The wind, sun and rain are all vital elements in sustaining the growth of plants and animals.

This is one of the most well-known Irish health blessings and it has become a tradition to offer to someone when they are celebrating a new achievement or starting a new journey. The wording of the blessing can also be used to wish someone a good farewell.

2. May the rain fall softly

The rain falls softly and may you feel its calming influence on your nervous system. This effect is commonly referred to as “white noise” and is thought to help your brain transition from external signal processing mode to a more relaxed state of consciousness.

Whether you’re in a quiet room or on your way to work, the sound of rainfall can be a beneficial part of your meditation practice. It helps your brain enter a restful and self-focused state, where you can focus on your own thoughts and feelings without being distracted by external noise.

The Irish language contains a wide range of blessings that can be used in a variety of contexts. One of the most popular is Go n-eiri an bothar leat, which means “May the road rise with you.” It is often used at weddings and other special occasions to wish people safely on their journey ahead.

3. May the sun shine brightly

Irish blessings were first developed in ancient Celtic times. They were a folk and druidic tradition and are still rooted in nature, even today.

Throughout the years, poets and bards traveled throughout Ireland offering these blessings to the people who lived along the way. These blessings were a way for the people to express their hope and desire for a better future.

These days, these blessings are commonly used in wedding ceremonies and other special occasions. They are a great way to convey the country’s Christian heritage and wish the recipient good health and happiness.

4. May the grass grow long

May the grass grow long and may it be a health blessing to you. It is a fact that many Irishmen were known for their love of words and music and the resulting poetry has been passed on through the generations in the form of song and rhyme.

Grass has many uses from being an ornament to providing shelter for insects and birds. It is also the ideal ingredient for a healthy lawn. It can help to reduce the amount of soil moisture lost due to weeds, improves drainage and promotes aeration. It may even improve your well-being by enhancing the quality of your sleep. There are many other good reasons to give your lawn the ol’ fashion attention it deserves. In the long run, you will save money and enjoy your surroundings for a lot longer.

5. May the good Lord take a liking to you

Whether you’re feeling ill, or are having trouble getting up in the morning, the good Lord will take a liking to you. He’ll bring you health, prosperity and happiness. Often, the good Lord will even take a liking to someone who seems unworthy or unloved. When this happens, you can say a blessing for their health. If you don’t want to use the phrase “good Lord,” it can be replaced with: oh, dang, or heck.